The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a key ligament in the knee that helps stabilize the joint. An ACL injury is a common knee injury, especially in athletes. Here’s a breakdown of what you need to know:
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder affecting people with ovaries, often during their reproductive years. Here’s an overview of the condition:
Key Features:
- Hormonal Imbalance:
- Elevated levels of androgens (male hormones such as testosterone) which can cause symptoms like excess facial or body hair, acne, and scalp thinning.
- Irregular or absent menstrual cycles due to disrupted ovulation.
- Ovarian Cysts:
- Ovaries may develop multiple small cysts (fluid-filled sacs), although not everyone with PCOS will have them.
- Insulin Resistance:
- Many people with PCOS have insulin resistance, where the body’s cells do not respond effectively to insulin, potentially leading to higher blood sugar levels and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
Symptoms:
- Menstrual Irregularities: Irregular or absent periods, heavy bleeding.
- Ovulatory Dysfunction: Difficulty conceiving due to irregular ovulation.
- Physical Symptoms: Weight gain, acne, excess hair growth (hirsutism), and thinning hair on the scalp.
- Skin Changes: Darkened skin patches (acanthosis nigricans), and skin tags.
Diagnosis:
Diagnosis is usually based on a combination of:
Certainly! Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, which is the thin membrane covering the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. Here’s a rundown of key information about it: