Nele Albers of Delft University of Technology (The Netherlands) uses AI coaches to help smokers quit smoking and vaping for her doctoral dissertation. She has developed an AI coach that uses psychologically informed reinforcement learning (RL), a form of machine learning in which a model learns through rewards, similar to how humans learn behaviors. Albers based her research on insights from behavior change theories and data from three large-scale studies with more than 500 participants each.