Heat stroke, also known as sun stroke, is a severe heat-related illness characterized by a body temperature of 104°F (40°C) or higher. It typically occurs due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures, especially in combination with dehydration. Here are some key points about heat stroke:

Causes:

1. High Temperatures: Exposure to extreme heat, especially in hot and humid environments.
2. Dehydration: Insufficient fluid intake leading to dehydration, which impairs the body’s ability to regulate temperature.
3. Excessive Physical Activity: Intense exertion in hot weather, particularly without adequate hydration breaks.

Symptoms:

1. High Body Temperature: Typically above 104°F (40°C).
2. Altered Mental Status: Confusion, agitation, irritability, delirium, or even coma.
3. Hot, Dry Skin: Skin may feel hot and dry to the touch due to lack of sweating.
4. Flushed Skin: Skin may appear red due to increased blood circulation and dilation of blood vessels.
5. Rapid Breathing: Breathing may become rapid and shallow.
6. Rapid Heart Rate: Pulse may be strong and rapid.
7. Headache: Intense headache is common.
8. Nausea and Vomiting: Especially if heat exhaustion preceded heat stroke.
9. Seizures: In severe cases.

Treatment:

1. Emergency Response: Call emergency services immediately if someone shows signs of heat stroke.
2. Move to a Cooler Place: Get the person out of the heat and into a shady or air-conditioned area.
3. Cool the Body: Use cool water or ice packs on the body, especially the neck, armpits, and groin.
4. Hydration: Offer water or a sports drink if the person is conscious and able to swallow.
5. Monitor Vital Signs: Continuously monitor body temperature until emergency responders arrive.

Prevention:

1. Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids, especially water, before, during, and after exposure to hot environments.
2. Limit Outdoor Activity: Especially during the hottest parts of the day (typically from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.).
3. Wear Appropriate Clothing: Lightweight, loose-fitting clothing helps regulate body temperature.
4. Take Breaks: Rest frequently in shady or cool areas if working or exercising in heat.

Risk Factors:

1. Age: Infants, young children, and older adults are more susceptible.
2. Health Conditions: Certain medical conditions like heart disease, obesity, and diabetes can increase risk.
3. Medications: Some medications can impair the body’s ability to stay hydrated or regulate temperature.

Heat stroke is a serious medical emergency that requires prompt treatment to prevent serious complications such as organ damage or even death. Taking preventive measures and recognizing early symptoms are crucial for managing this potentially life-threatening condition.