Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a common virus that primarily affects the respiratory tract. Here are some key points about RSV:
Overview
- Type: RSV is an RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family.
- Transmission: It spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes, and can also spread via contact with contaminated surfaces.
Symptoms
- Mild cases: Symptoms can resemble a common cold, including a runny nose, coughing, sneezing, and mild fever.
- Severe cases: In infants and older adults, RSV can cause bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small airways in the lungs) and pneumonia, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, difficulty breathing, and high fever.
High-Risk Groups
- Infants: Especially those under 6 months, preterm infants, or those with congenital heart or lung conditions.
- Elderly: Older adults, particularly those with underlying health issues, are also at higher risk.
Diagnosis
- Diagnosis is typically made based on clinical symptoms and may be confirmed with laboratory tests, including rapid antigen tests or PCR.
Treatment
- Supportive care: Most RSV infections are mild and can be managed with rest, fluids, and over-the-counter medications for fever and discomfort.
- Severe cases: Hospitalization may be required for oxygen therapy, intravenous fluids, or other interventions.
Prevention
- Hygiene: Regular handwashing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and disinfecting surfaces can help reduce the spread.
- Palivizumab: A monoclonal antibody treatment may be given to high-risk infants to help prevent severe RSV infections.
Seasonality
