Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder affecting people with ovaries, often during their reproductive years. Here’s an overview of the condition:
Key Features:
- Hormonal Imbalance:
- Elevated levels of androgens (male hormones such as testosterone) which can cause symptoms like excess facial or body hair, acne, and scalp thinning.
- Irregular or absent menstrual cycles due to disrupted ovulation.
- Ovarian Cysts:
- Ovaries may develop multiple small cysts (fluid-filled sacs), although not everyone with PCOS will have them.
- Insulin Resistance:
- Many people with PCOS have insulin resistance, where the body’s cells do not respond effectively to insulin, potentially leading to higher blood sugar levels and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
Symptoms:
- Menstrual Irregularities: Irregular or absent periods, heavy bleeding.
- Ovulatory Dysfunction: Difficulty conceiving due to irregular ovulation.
- Physical Symptoms: Weight gain, acne, excess hair growth (hirsutism), and thinning hair on the scalp.
- Skin Changes: Darkened skin patches (acanthosis nigricans), and skin tags.
Diagnosis:
Diagnosis is usually based on a combination of:
